Conflict and Negotiations Essays

Struggle and Negotiations Essays Struggle and Negotiations Essay Struggle and Negotiations Essay I. Official SUMMARY Conflict is a procedure that starts when one gathering sees that another gathering has adversely influenced, or is going to be contrarily influence, something that the primary party thinks about. It likewise envelops a wide scope of contentions that individuals involvement with associations. Clashes are generally brought about by poor correspondence, absence of transparency and inability to react to worker needs. Human Relations View Conflict as the conviction that contention is a characteristic and unavoidable result in any gathering. While Interactionist View Conflict as the conviction that contention isn't just a positive power in a gathering however that it is totally important for a gathering to perform adequately. There are in any event three Types of Conflicts: Task Conflicts or Conflicts over substance and objectives of the work; Relationship Conflicts or clashes dependent on relational connections and; Process Conflicts or struggle over how work completes. There are five phases of contention and they are as per the following †Stage 1: Potential restriction or incongruence, Stage 2: Cognition and Personalization; Stage 3: Intentions; Stage 4: Behavior lastly; Stage 5: Outcomes. Arrangement in definition is a procedure wherein at least two gatherings trade products or administrations and endeavor to concur on the conversion scale for them. There are two BARGAINING STRATEGIES that you can utilize during dealings: (1) Distributive Bargaining or the arrangement that tries to split a fixed measure of assets; a success lose circumstance and; (2) Integrative Bargaining or the exchange that looks for at least one settlements that can make a success win arrangement. There are likewise steps to be followed in guaranteeing a fruitful egotiation process †Step 1: Preparation and arranging; Step 2: Definition of guidelines; Step 3: Classification and defense; Step 4: Bargaining and Problem Solving and; Step 5: Closure and usage Finally there are five CONFLICT-HANDLING INTENTIONS: Competition, Collaboration, Avoidance, Accommodation, Compromise II. Goals ? Toward the finish of this report, the gathering guarantees that the crowd will have the option to: 1. Characteri ze strife. 2. Separate between the customary, human relations, and interactionist perspectives on strife. 3. Complexity assignment, relationship, and procedure strife. 4. Framework the contention procedure. 5. Portray the five clash dealing with aims. 6. Complexity distributive and integrative haggling. 7. Recognize the five stages in the arranging procedure. 8. Depict social contrasts in arrangements. III. Strife IN DEFINITION †A procedure that starts when one gathering sees that another gathering has contrarily influenced, or is going to adversely influence, something that the primary party thinks about. Is that point in a progressing movement when a communication â€Å"crosses over† to turn into an interparty struggle. †Encompasses a wide scope of contentions that individuals involvement with associations Incompatibility of objectives Differences over translations of realities Disagreements dependent on conduct desires Transitions in Conflict Thought †The conviction that all contention is destructive and must be maintained a strategic distance from. Causes: †Poor correspondence †Lack of receptiveness †Failure to react to representative needs Human Relations View of Conflict †The conviction that contention is a characteristic and unavoidable result in any gathering. Interactionist View of Conflict †The conviction that contention isn't just a positive power in a gathering however that it is totally important for a gathering to perform viably. Practical versus Dysfunctional Conflict Functional Conflict †Conflict that bolsters the objectives of the gathering and improves its presentation. Useless Conflict †Conflict that upsets bunch execution Types of Conflict 1. Assignment Conflict †Conflicts over substance and objectives of the work. 2. Relationship Conflict †Conflict dependent on relational connections. 3. Procedure Conflict †Conflict over how work completes. IV. THE CONFLICT PROCESS [pic] Stage I: Potential Opposition or Incompatibility †Communication †Semantic troubles, misconceptions, and â€Å"noise† †Structure †Size and specialization of employments Jurisdictional clearness/equivocalness †Member/objective incongruence †Leadership styles (close or participative) †Reward frameworks (win-lose) †Dependence/reliance of gatherings †Personal Variables †Differing singular worth frameworks †Personality types Stage II: Cognition and Persona lization Perceived Conflict †Awareness by at least one gatherings of the presence of conditions that make open doors for strife to emerge. Felt Conflict †Emotional contribution in a contention making nervousness, strained quality, disappointment, or antagonistic vibe. [pic] Stage III: Intentions †Decisions to act in a given way. Helpfulness: †Attempting to fulfill the different party’s concerns. Self-assuredness: †Attempting to fulfill one’s own interests. Measurements of Conflict-Handling Intentions [pic] Competing †A longing to fulfill one’s interests, paying little mind to the effect on the other party to the contention. Teaming up †A circumstance where the gatherings to a contention each longing to fulfill completely the worries all things considered. Maintaining a strategic distance from †The longing to pull back from or smother a contention. Obliging †The eagerness of one gathering in a contention to put the opponent’s interests over their own. Bargaining A circumstance in which each gathering to a contention is eager to quit any trace of something. Stage IV: Behavior Conflict Management †The utilization of goals and incitement methods to accomplish the ideal degree of contention. Strife Intensity Continuum [pic] Conflict Management Techniq ues 1. Critical thinking 2. Superordinate objectives 3. Extension of assets 4. Evasion 5. Smoothing 6. Bargain 7. Legitimate order 8. Modifying the human variable 9. Changing the basic factors 10. Correspondence 11. Getting outcasts 12. Rebuilding the association 13. Selecting a devil’s advocate Stage V: Outcomes Functional Outcomes from Conflict †Increased gathering execution †Improved nature of choices †Stimulation of innovativeness and advancement †Encouragement of intrigue and interest †Provision of a mechanism for critical thinking †Creation of a situation for self-assessment and change Creating Functional Conflict †Reward contradict and rebuff strife avoiders. Broken Outcomes from Conflict †Development of discontent †Reduced gathering adequacy †Retarded correspondence †Reduced gathering cohesiveness †Infighting among bunch individuals beats bunch objectives V. Arrangement IN DEFINITION †A procedure where at least two gatherings trade products or administrations and endeavor to concur on the conversion scale for them. BATNA †The Best Alternative To a Negotiated Agreement; the most reduced adequate worth (result) to a person for an arranged understanding. VI. Haggling STRATEGIES Distributive Bargaining †Negotiation that looks to split a fixed measure of assets; a success lose circumstance. Integrative Bargaining †Negotiation that looks for at least one settlements that can make a success win arrangement. Distributive Versus Integrative Bargaining [pic] Marking Out the Bargaining Zone [pic] VII. THE NEGOTIATION PROCESS [pic] VIII. ISSUES IN NEGOTIATION The Role of Personality Traits in Negotiation †Traits don't seem to have an essentially immediate impact on the results of either haggling or arranging forms. Sex Differences in Negotiations †Women haggle no uniquely in contrast to men, in spite of the fact that men evidently haggle marginally better results. †Men and ladies with comparable force bases utilize the equivalent arranging styles. †Women’s mentalities toward arrangement and their prosperity as moderators are less good than men’s. IX. Outsider NEGOTIATIONS Mediator †An impartial outsider who encourages an arranged arrangement by utilizing thinking, influence, and recommendations for choices. Judge †An outsider to an arrangement who has the power to direct an understanding. Conciliator †A confided in outsider who gives a casual correspondence connect between the arbitrator and the adversary. Advisor †A fair outsider, gifted in peace promotion, who endeavors to encourage innovative critical thinking through correspondence and investigation. X. Worldwide IMPLICATIONS Conflict and Culture †Japanese and U. S. directors see strife diversely †U. S. directors bound to utilize contending strategies while Japanese supervisors are probably going to utilize bargain and evasion Cultural Differences in Negotiations †Multiple multifaceted examinations on arrangement styles, for example: †American moderators are more probable than Japanese bargainers to make a first offer †North Americans use realities to convince, Arabs use feeling, and Russians utilized affirmed goals †Brazilians state â€Å"no† more regularly than Americans or Japanese XI. Struggle AND UNIT PERFORMANCE [pic] XII. Strife HANDLING INTENTION Strife Handling Intention: Competition †When snappy, conclusive activity is essential (in crises); on significant issues. †Where disliked activities need actualizing (in cost cutting, authorizing disagreeable guidelines, discipline). †On issues crucial to the organization’s government assistance. �

Trompenaars vs. Hofstede

Trompenaars versus Hofstede 1. 2. Presentation †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 2 Cultural Dimensions of Hofstede and Trompenaars †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Analogies or personalities of the social measurements †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 5 Differences of the measurements †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 7 Advantages and Risks seeing the w orld and societies with measurements †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. Impacts on training activity †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 8 Personal significance and results of the measurements †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 9 2. 1. 2. 2. Hofstedes’ Dimensions†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 3 Trompenaars’ Dimensions †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã ¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 4 1. Presentation Nowadays a ton of organizations work in a huge number of particular countries.However, on the off chance that we do a twofold take, it is apparent that global undertakings and their techniques vary from nation to nation. If not, the reality of the situation might prove that those organizations will come up short. For instance Wal-Mart settled on entering the Japanese market. Lamentably, they attempted execute the American system in Japan. Americans were excited about deal purchases in tremendous sums 24 hours per day. While the rebate system in the USA has been fruitful, it had unfriendly impacts in Japan. Japanese individuals compared low costs to low quality and in this manner didn’t need to purchase at Wal-Mart.Moreover, Japanese weren’t used to the way that a store was open 24 hours out of every day. Such mistaken assumptions cause gigantic difficulty. For certain circumstances we can't get ready. Be that as it m ay, it would have been significant for WalMart to dissect the Japanese culture inside and out before beginning business there. On the off chance that we take a gander at regular daily existence it is sheltered to state that all individuals have the difficult how to adapt to people’s relationship to time, nature and other individuals. The arrangements how to take a few to get back some composure on these issues contrast from culture to culture. Therefore, it is essential to know about the social contrasts of each country.Trompenaars and Hofstede give a few recommendations how to group societies. 2. Social Dimensions of Hofstede and Trompenaars 2. 1. Hofstedes’ Dimensions Geert Hofstede sifted through 5 measurements which demonstrate how individuals are impacted by their way of life particularly in the working environment. The main measurement alludes to character. The measurement Collectivism versus independence mirrors the connection between an individual and the gathe ring. In progressively individualistic social orders the accentuation is put on opportunity, individual accomplishment and individual character. Thus, ties in a gathering (e. g. he family, workgroup) are free. Individuals show a higher motivator for self-activity and attempt to deal with themselves. Interestingly, collectivistic societies place extraordinary incentive on the basic enthusiasm of a gathering, congruity among individuals and dealing with one another. There is a reasonable qualification between inand pariahs. On the off chance that an outcast takes face of one gathering part the whole gathering feels affronted and stays away from contact with the troublemaker. Besides, Power Distance manages pecking order and the level of disparity between individuals from a general public which is embraced as a characteristic province of affairs.In high force separation nations imbalance in physical and scholarly abilities is viewed as ordinary. Subordinates are in for showing acquiesc ence to the chief. There is an articulated feeling of chain of command and individuals appreciating a high status uncover their capacity. While social orders that rank low on power separation make light of progressive system and stress balance. There is no emphasis on titles and positions and pioneers don't display their abilities clearly. Manliness versus Gentility is about connection among sexual orientation and work jobs. In male-overwhelmed societies sex jobs are pointedly differentiated.There is an unmistakable job dispersion which presents itself in the way that men are better than ladies and men ordinarily involve the board positions. Thus, the emphasis is on accomplishment, rivalry and ‘fighting’. Be that as it may, in female situated societies sexes are less recognized and the two sexual orientations assume a similar job. These societies stress care, bargain and agreement. The fourth measurement called Uncertainty Avoidance focuses on the manner in which indivi duals attempt to take a few to get back some composure on flighty and questionable circumstances. Individuals living in a culture with solid vulnerability shirking have dread of the unknown.Therefore expand rules, guidelines, and clear requests exist. Societies with a low vulnerability shirking endure contrasts, unforeseen circumstances and are increasingly open toward change. Individuals settle on choices which are dependent upon singular carefulness and which depend on progressively widespread principles. Long haul Orientation versus Transient Orientation identify with the decision among future and present goodness. At the end of the day, Hofstede’s last measurement can be viewed as a pointer for a society’s mentality toward time and custom. Qualities related with Long-Term Orientation are frugality, obedient devotion and perseverance.Young individuals should forfeit their delights of their life at their young age to help their future. Qualities related with Short Te rm Orientation are regard for convention, satisfying social commitments, and ensuring one's ‘face'. Thus, this direction is progressively arranged toward the past and the present. 3 2. 2. Trompenaars’ Dimensions Trompenaars investigated how individuals relate in private, business life and good clashes. A while later he removed seven measurements. The main measurement Universalism versus Particularism can be recommended with catchphrases as rules versus elationships. In universalistic societies individuals should carefully hold fast to gauges and rules. Subsequently, encroaching the right (paying little mind to the explanation) is proportionate to sabotaging ethics and ought to be rebuffed. There are no special cases. In particularistic social orders commitments to the closer encompassing appreciate most noteworthy need. Ensuring your individuals (e. g. family, companions) is a higher priority than watching law. If there should be an occurrence of Collectivism versus Ind ependence the inquiry emerges if individuals credit more significance to oneself or to the group.In individualistic societies there is an away from of people inside a gathering. Usually close to home accomplishment is compensated and individuals are persuaded to improve their individual execution so as to be advanced. Agents of a gathering or an organization are permitted to settle on restricting choices all alone. In collectivistic societies individuals recognize themselves with the gathering. High accomplishment of one individual is put down to the great execution of the whole gathering and in this manner achievement is shared inside the gathering. Just the entire group or if nothing else a specific number of individuals settle on choices and take responsibility.The measurement Neutral versus Full of feeling manages the scope of communicated sentiments. Impartial social orders maintain a strategic distance from to show sentiments and solid signals and thus attempt to show controll ed conduct. In the event that somebody uncovers outrage or animosity this conduct is equivalent to unprofessionalism. Conversations are lead on a true level. Nonetheless, in full of feeling societies articulation of emotions either verbally or nonverbally is ordinary. Individuals anticipate direct passionate answers and acknowledge fundamental and vivified articulations. In the fourth spot, Diffuse vs.Specific identifies with the procedures and approaches for becoming acquainted with one another. Individuals living in a particular/low setting society seek after a reason in relating with someone else, in this way favor direct and to the point correspondence. Individuals plainly recognize private and business life e. g. titles are utilized in the activity world not in private life. As the private circle is moderately little just barely any individuals partake in one’s private life. In diffuse/high setting societies each life space saturates all others which implies that everyth ing is associated with everything.Even managers can take a functioning piece of the worker’s private life. Accomplishment versus Credit alludes to the agreement of status. Accomplished status is comparable to progress on account of making a move. Administrators are of various age and sexual orientation as they have arrived at the situation because of execution, information and aptitudes. Credited status speaks to the contrary side. High status doesn't need to be advocated. It is somewhat free of undertaking or explicit capacity. Regularly outer components like age, sex, associations, instruction and family foundation choose the status.The 6th measurement Sequential versus Synchronic arrangements with time the board. In synchronic societies the accentuation is on the quantity of exercises occurring in equal. Individuals place extraordinary incentive on the objectives

How to Negotiate Job Relocation Package

How to Negotiate Job Relocation Package The world is an increasingly interconnected and global place to be. Most organizations operate in different places and people uproot themselves regularly in search of a better future.Your time on the career ladder is also likely to involve relocation â€" either you find the perfect job in the strangest place or your current employer offers you an opportunity elsewhere.But anyone who’s ever moved knows relocating isn’t easy or cheap. How do you ensure you get the right support from your employer to take the leap? In this guide, you’ll get tips for negotiating job relocation package and making the job opportunity worth the move. UNDERSTAND THE COMPANY’S RELOCATION POLICYBefore you begin your negotiations, it’s important to take a minute to understand the employer’s current relocation policy or the lack of one. Companies can have different policies regarding the relocation packages they offer.A big part of medium and large organizations have an official policy, while smaller business or startups might not have any kind of common procedure. It’s important you know whether you are negotiating around an existing policy or from scratch.The content of this policy might also differ. Some companies might automatically offer a lump sum as they ask for the relocation or offer you the job. It might also be a detailed package, offering help with certain costs while perhaps excluding others.Some companies have organized packages that don’t necessarily offer a lot of room for negotiations. The depth and structure of the relocation package might also differ depending on whether:You are a new employee, relocating to start in the job, orYou are an existing employee being offered a role elsewhere but within the same company/its sister companies.To find out about a company’s relocation policy, you have three options:Check the company websiteThe company websitemight have information regarding this, especially in terms of new employees. If you are an existing employee, your employee handbook might have a section on the subject.Ask the HR directlyYou could also contact the hiring manager or the HR department directly and ask if the company has a policy on relocation costs.Check with colleaguesYou might also be able to talk to your peers (if you’re moving within the company), especially if you know someone who has recently relocated.Relocation packages are rather common and nearly one-third of employers are willing to contribute â€" you just need to make sure to know the policy and to ask for the support.By checking out the policy, you get a better understanding of your negotiating position. Yo u will be better equipped to handle the situation and to come to an acceptable conclusion.KNOW WHAT HELP COULD BE AVAILABLELet’s examine the different job relocation help companies tend to offer. This will help you understand what to ask for when starting the negotiations. The job relocation packages and support systems can help with:Finding a new home from searching for homes with your specific requirements and helping you with the buying process. This can also include help with your current home â€" if you own your home, you might receive help when listing and selling it. Temporary accommodation costs might also be included.Helping with job search for your spouse and partner. If you’re married or in a relationship, your spouse or partner might receive recruitment help to make their job relocation possible.Provision of transportation help including things like hiring moving vans for your things or helping you to buy a car.Helping with moving and packing in general. The help mig ht include things like packing assistance and cleaners.The above help and support can be further divided into two categories. The employer might offer to help with the physical aspect of the move. This would mean hiring a moving company to move your things from your old home to the new, for example. It could also be providing your spouse or partner with contacts with recruitment specialist or interviews with different local companies.The other route companies might take is to provide assistance in the above issues through monetary reimbursements. In this situation, the company would offer you a specific sum of money and it would be your job to find the assistance. For example, instead of the company hiring the moving company, you would have to do it yourself. They might also not offer any help in terms of finding estate agencies but provide you with money to cover the cost of hiring one and so on.Furthermore, the job relocation package might include assistance in all of the above ca tegories or the employer might only offer to help with one. You definitely want to check the specifics of what the employer is offering to ensure you can start analyzing whether the deal is good enough.EXAMINE YOUR SITUATIONSo far, you’ve cleared what the employer might or might not be offering. Next, you need to examine your situation and the impact of the relocation. It’s hard for you to negotiate without having this information at hand.First, consider the emotional impact of the move. You should make it clear to yourself and your family that changing cities is not always easy. It’s crucial to make sure you are accepting or rejecting the job offer or the relocation offer based on understanding what the move actually means to you.There’s a good video series on the topic on YouTube with the starting video available right here: [youtube  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BZqo0UzGXskw=640h=330]When you know you are ready for this, you need to start focusing on the cold hard numb ers. What is the cost of relocation going to be? To understand this, you want to calculate the following things:Moving costs The cost of packing and unpacking items and hiring a moving van.The cost of having to buy new things in the city.House selling/buying/renting costsThe cost of listing your old house (estate agent fees, re-mortgaging etc.) and the cost of buying a new home (similar costs to the above).The cost of renting in the new city, including looking for the accommodation and having to pay for temporary accommodation.Transportation costs The cost of sorting things out and having to possibly fly back and worth or the cost of driving to the new city.Family member relocation and other such costsThe cost of relocating your spouse or partner, including their possible temporary unemployment or the cost of losing their current salary.The cost of childcare or schools in the new area.You should study things like real estate website for house prices, talk to agents about selling you r home, examine the cost of living in the city and calculating these things together. You should be able to get a rough estimate of how much things are going to cost, which then allows you to think the impact the costs would have on your finances.It’s a good idea to start by thinking what would happen if you don’t get any help. How much would your savings help if at all? Are you going to increase your salary and this will help cover the cost? Could you be able to borrow money if needed?This helps you understand how viable the relocation would be financially and what sort of help you most need from the employer. You should keep in mind that certain costs might be tax deductible. It’s a good idea to talk to a tax advisor to know if you can deduct some expenses.You want to get a clear estimate of what those different components will cost. Knowing your numbers will make it easier to start negotiating the relocation package with the employerFOCUS ON MUTUAL BENEFITS FOR BOTHNow that you know the company policy and you’ve examined your situation and needs, you can start negotiating with the employer. The best tactic is to be upfront about what you’d like to receive and to focus on mutual benefits of both in ensuring the relocation process is smooth.Naftali Garber, a relocation expert, told Salary.com, “You’re relocating to a new place with a whole list of issues, the last thing you need is to actually absorb the cost of the move yourself”. So, don’t be afraid to ask!It’s a good idea to explain and to show to the employer it’s beneficial for the organization to make things go smoothly. First, you can point out how stressful the situation of relocation is. It will take a lot of your time and energy to sort everything from finding somewhere to live to moving your stuff.The more energy and time you need to spend on things like this, the less productive you might be. Having your move in tatters can have an impact on your ability to perform at work. T herefore, help from your employer will guarantee the relocation process is not as disruptive and that you’ll be able to start performing well in your new job right from the get-go.Now, you should also focus on gently reminding the employer of the value you would bring to the company. This doesn’t mean threatening them and saying you’ll reject the job offer if they don’t give you what you need, but to point out to them how you will be able to provide benefits to the company. You need to understand your value â€" there’s a reason you’ve been offered this role in the first place.It’s a good idea to keep in mind the corporate psychology. The company is essentially trying to keep costs down and be conservative with the money. If you can show them financial benefits of options during the negotiations, you might get the help you need.For example, consider suggesting slightly lower salary compensation in place for more support during the relocation. You might even suggest it t he other way around if you find that more acceptable. For the employer, little tweaks like this can seem appealing. It also gives you the edge of being flexible â€" you are showing your ability to negotiate and it might help convince the employer to meet you halfway.Of course, you can ask for this flexibility in other ways too. For example, ask if you could only work half a week for the first two weeks in order to sort out things. You might offer to work from home to minimize the disruption at the start.PRESENT ACTUAL QUOTESWhen you are negotiating the help package, you need to be clear about what you need and what. Your negotiating position is much stronger if you have an actual figure you can show instead of just throwing a random number at the employer. Actual quotes showing the cost of different relocation elements will help build a case for why you need the money.Firstly, it will show the employer you’re not trying to cheat and asking for more than what the relocation actuall y costs. It shows you actually need to pay that much money just to join them and it should make it easier to convince them you need the money. For the employer, this shows you’re not bluffing when negotiating or suddenly showing at their door after the move to ask for more.But it also helps you, as well as the employer, understand the real cost of relocation. When you do this research prior to your final decision, you get a better sense of what this job relocation would actually cost. It can help you prepare for it and it ensures you or the employer don’t end up surprised about the expenses.Gather quotes from different moving companies or estate agents, for example. You can use them for averages to get a better idea of what to expect. In terms of figures you can’t really predict beforehand, you can do estimates of different scenarios. For example, look at possible jobs for your partner and how this would impact your family’s income â€" you might even calculate different time lines in terms of when your partner might get a job.GET THE DEAL IN WRITINGAs you begin to reach an agreement on the subject, you need to begin writing it down. It’s important to have figures and other essential elements of the agreement on paper â€" this ensures neither party can suddenly start asking for something different. You need the agreement to have legal weight, i.e. be in writing and documented in a manner lawyers would agree, to ensure you get what you discussed with the employer.You could draft the document or give a list of things agreed to the employer’s lawyers to draft the agreement. Check to ensure the document is legally valid and read it carefully before signing. You need to be aware of any possible caveats the document might have. If you don’t understand it, don’t sign it.Don’t let the employer talk you down from an official document! No matter how lovely and trustworthy the employer is, creating an official document is important. Relocation is a big de al and having a legally binding document is not just beneficial for you but also the employer â€" so tell them that in case they keep telling you a document isn’t necessary for this situation.ALWAYS KNOW YOUR RED LINEIt’s crucial to approach the negotiations with a clear idea of what you want. You need to have an idea of what three different outcomes look like:The ideal outcome â€" What kind of relocation deal would satisfy all your needs?The acceptable outcome â€" What is the minimum you are looking to get out of the negotiations and to accept it?The unacceptable outcomeâ€" What kind of deal package just won’t help you and what would make you reject the relocation offer altogether?You need to think about this because you don’t want to relocate to a job only to find out you didn’t really want it. Job relocation shouldn’t ruin your mental health or your bank account. Therefore, you need to know that red line.It’s, of course, important to think about the move in terms of the emotional impact it might have. Moving to a different city or even country can be a huge thing that takes a toll on your wellbeing. If you’ve never lived away from your family or if this would be your first big relocation, you need to take enough time to ponder the impact it might have on you.If you have a family, you naturally need to have these conversations with the whole of the family to understand their points of view. It’s important to make the decision first to ensure you know whether accepting the relocation offer is worth it â€" it’s not all just about money.Of course, you have to think about the finances as well. You don’t want to make the move if you just can’t square the finances. It’s essential to understand it isn’t just about the cost of moving. Living costs in another city might change dramatically and you need to factor these in.Household costs, food costs, entertainment costs, travel costs â€" all of these can be higher or lower, as well as stay the same, in your potential new place to live. You need to know what kind of lifestyle your new salary would help you live and whether your overall quality of life would drop or increase if you decided to move.With these things in mind, you can start realizing the answer to the three questions. The answers will then help you during the negotiations and when you need to finally accept or reject the job offer.THE KEY TO NEGOTIATION SUCCESSIt’s important to consider the job relocation carefully before you accept it. Not only do you need to consider the personal impact of moving, but also the financial implications. It’s important to talk to your employer and get a clear idea of the kind of help that’s available to you.If you can highlight your value to the company and present proven cost calculations, your employer is unlikely to deny assistance. So do your research and you’ll end up with smooth and successful job relocation!

Great Expectations- Character Analysis Essay - 10289 Words

Estella Havisham: Most readers are appalled at the cold-hearted and cruel ways of Estella, but any criticism directed at her is largely undeserved. She was simply raised in a controlled environment where she was, in essence, brainwashed by Miss Havisham. Nonetheless, her demeanor might lead one to suspect that she was a girl with a heart of ice. Estella is scornful from the moment she is introduced, when she remarks on Pips coarse hands and thick boots. However, her beauty soon captivates Pip and she is instilled as the focal point of his thoughts for much of the remainder of the novel. The fact that Pip becomes infatuated with her is also not Estellas fault. By no means is there any evidence that she loved him. She does not flirt with†¦show more content†¦The entire story is told through the eyes of an adult Pip, even though Pip is a small child during parts of it. In his early years, Pip was strongly influenced by his guardians, Joe Gargery and his wife, Mrs. Joe. Joe instills a sense of ho nesty, industry, and friendliness in Pip, while Mrs. Joe does a great deal to contribute to his desires and ambitions through her constant emphasis on pomp and property. Pip is generally good-natured and thoughtful, and very imaginative. His false values, which are bolstered by his love of Estella, decrease the amount of respect that he has for Joe. His alienation from Joe and Joes values builds through the second part of the novel, as Pip becomes selfish, greedy, and foolish. During the period when his expectations are intact, his only morally positive act was to secretly help Herbert Pocket into a good position. Upon discovering that Magwitch is his benefactor, a new phase begins in Pips moral evolution. At first, Pip no longer feels the same human compassion for Magwitch that he did the first time he saw him out on the marshes. Gradually, Pip changes his perception of Magwitch, unlearning what he has learned. Pip becomes concerned with the man, and not the expectations that he co uld provide. When Jaggers presents the thought that there may be a way for Pip to get his hands on Magwitchs property, the idea sounds hollow and utterly empty to Pip. Pip learns about Estellas parentage throughShow MoreRelatedCharacter Analysis Of Great Expectations1308 Words   |  6 PagesIn the book Great Expectations by Charles Dickens, a young man named Pip sets out on a journey to become a gentleman, even though he comes from a poor family. As he moves to the big city and starts living more and more like a gentleman he starts leaving his past behind him. To even become a gentleman he had to leave his best friend behind, his home behind and his former job. Throughout his journey to become part of high society he meets several wealthy people who both Pip and the reader aren’t veryRead MoreCharacter Analysis Of Great Expectations1475 Words   |  6 Pages Great Expectations written by Charles Dickens was about the path of life for one fellow, his name was Pip. Pip grew up in a small rural village but soon his life would pull him into the busy streets of London. Dickens would use this young child with a rocky family background to share hardships, love, sadness, and realization in order to add familiarity to his readers, making him a relatable character. Dickens wrote this book to be able to give insight into the social reforms that were slowly startingRead MoreGreat Expectations Character Analysis - Pip767 Words   |  4 PagesQuestion 4.) Although literary critics have tended to praise the unique and litereray characterization many authors have employed the sterotype characters successfully. Select a novel or play and analyze how a conventional or stereotype character function to achieve the authors purposes. In current times, it is evident that a writer will use characters that stick out from the norm in some way. They may have a stereotypical background, but the characters story has some type of content that willRead MoreCharacter Analysis Of Abel Magwitch In Great Expectations878 Words   |  4 PagesAbel Magwitch is a critical character from Great Expectations. He starts off as a frightening escaped convict, but as the novel goes on, it is revealed that he is Pip’s benefactor- causing Pip’s whole world to change. The ideal actor for the role of Magwitch is Ian Mckellen. Mckellen would be great in this film because he has experience playing characters that show great emotions. He can play someone violent and dangerous as well as someone caring and emotional. One film series, starring MckellenRead MoreCharacter Analysis in Pip in Charles Dickens ´ Great Expectations1542 Words   |  7 Pagesnext Harvard Graduate, or the next new celebrity. But, these expectations can begin to define a person if he believes he has to conform to societys expectations. In Charles Dickens novel Great Expectations, young Pip feels the pressure from society and his love, Estella, to become a gentleman. By attempting to rise in his social class Pip then abandons his previous good morals and his family members when he moves to London. Each character has aspirations for Pip which he believes he must fulfillRead MoreCharles Dickens Great Expectations964 Words   |  4 PagesTITLE Throughout Charles Dickens’ Great Expectations, minor characters help in the development of Pip and his psychological state. The novel journeys with Pip as he grows from a poor, young boy to an adult in the upper class. Difficult situations, suspense, and dynamic characters fill the novel. Julian Moynahan, a professor emeritus of literature at Rutgers University, analyzed Dickens’ novel and produced excellent parallels between a select few of the characters in her work â€Å"Parallels Between PipRead MorePip’s Character Change in Charles Dickens Great Expectations1173 Words   |  5 PagesPip’s Character Change in Charles Dickens Great Expectations Great Expectations, by Charles Dickens is a compelling story rich in friendship, love and fortune. The main character, Pip, is a dynamic character that undergoes many changes through the course of the book and throughout this analysis, the character Pip, will be identified and his gradual change through the story will be quoted and explained. The main character, Pip, is a gentle character. His traits include Read MoreEssay about Settings in Great Expectations928 Words   |  4 PagesDickens uses settings in Great Expectations to enhance our understanding of character and the symbolic elements of the plot - Great expectations Show how Dickens uses settings in Great Expectations to enhance our understanding of character and the symbolic elements of the plot. As we notice in the novel Great Expectations, Charles Dickens uses many different narrative techniques other than the usual description. One of these techniques is that of describing character through a specificRead MoreCritical Analysis Of Great Expectations1449 Words   |  6 Pagesperforms a number of functions, and among these are helping us to understand the world, and helping us to understand the human condition. What is taken from a work of fiction is, however, dependant on who is reading it at the time. In the case of Great Expectations there are a number of themes running through the text including betterment through education, what it is to be a gentleman, respectability and crime, parental /family ties, and industry and idleness. Many of the original readers of the workRead MoreEssay Summary and Analysis of Dickens Great Expectations548 Words   |  3 PagesGreat Expectations is a comprehensive novel written by Charles Dickens and shows a moral development of a child. Pip, the main character in the story, is a young orphaned child that lives with his sister and her husband, Joe. He is raised and spends hi s childhood in the area with Joe, his acquaintance. On a special day, Uncle Pumblechook takes Pip to go play at Miss Havisham’s house. Miss Havisham is very eccentric as she keeps all the clocks in her house kept at the same time and still wears her

Development Of Innovative Educational Methodologies

According to Hall (2005, pp188), â€Å"Insight into the educational, systemic and personal factors, which contribute to the culture of professions, can help guide the development of innovative educational methodologies to improve inter-professional collaborative practice.† IPE is integral in a healthcare environment, and serves to allow individuals within the healthcare profession to gain an appreciation for differing roles. Using the Kolb’s Learning Cycle (1984), I will chronologically reflect upon my experiences of IPE, considering concrete experience, reflective observation, abstract conceptualisation and active experimentation. After having exchanged pleasantries, individuals seemed coy and as theorised by Tuckman (1965), it was inherent that our team was in the forming stage of development within a small group. Polite and perfunctory conversation took place, which made it difficult to progress with the task in hand. Having worked as a member of teams in the past, it was pertinent to use what little time we had wisely and I felt it necessary to adopt the role of a team leader, akin to that theorised by the Hersey-Blanchard Situational Leadership ® model. Here, I styled my leadership in the manner of selling the task providing information and direction which, accompanied by communication from individuals in the team, would lead to the â€Å"sale† of the task and potential delegation of responsibilities and progression with it. However, there were barriers to progress in that; uponShow MoreRelatedElementary Secondary Education Act Of 1965 And Its Versions No Child Left Behind Act1488 Words   |  6 Pagesto construct education. Educational reform continues to be complex with ever changing politicians and platforms failing to have the time to create long lasting systematic changes but also not fully grasp educational challenges collectively. Educational reform such as Elementary Secondary Education Act of 1965 and its versions No Child Left Behind Act and Every Child Succeeds Act 2015 has changed the way students learn and teachers teach. The need for continued educational innovations is of the utmostRead MoreEnhancing Knowledge Mobilization As Part Of Graduate Coursework1581 Words   |  7 Pageswhile the participating in an innovative and authentic learning experience. Rationale: Regardless of technological ingenuity, the effectiveness of any educational technology (EdTech) is dependent on its ability to address the needs of practitioners. Unfortunately, while most entrepreneurs have advanced technical training, they often lack a comprehensive understanding of pedagogy, educational research and the realities of being a classroom teacher. 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Lucent Case Study Free Essays

2. What financial statement adjustments will Lucent have to make to correct the revenue recognition problems announced in late 2000? Lucent recognized revenue when persuasive evidence of an agreement exists, delivery has occurred, the fee is fixed and determinable, and collection of the resulting receivable, including receivables of customers to which Lucent has provided customers financing, is probable. For sales generated from long-term contacts, primarily those related to customized network solutions and network build-outs, Lucent generally uses the percentage of completion method of accounting. We will write a custom essay sample on Lucent Case Study or any similar topic only for you Order Now After the incident that SEC forced Lucent to restate the its financial results leading its stock price to decline 8. 5% in 2000, Lucent now records the sales revenue when the customers buy the Timing of revenue recognition is a crucial part in revenue recognition. According to US GAAP, revenue should be recognized when it is realized/realizable and earned (FASB, 1984, Para. 83). However, a number of software firms recognized revenue prior to product delivery or service performance in the past, which potentially violated one or both of the conditions of the revenue recognition principle. In response, AICPA released Statement of Position (SOP) 91-1 in Dec. 1991, which stipulated that if collectability is probable, license revenue should be recognized upon delivery and service revenue should be recognized ratably over the service arrangement. The research question for this article is: How revenue recognition timing affects attributes of reported revenue? This question is interesting because: 1) revenue recognition timing is important in financial reporting and standard setters have devoted much attention, 2) very limited empirical research examining revenue recognition timing has been conducted, 3) software revenue recognition is unique as transfer of rights is achieved by license rather than on-the-spot sale of products. The main hypotheses for this article and their intuitions are: 1) Early revenue recognition increases the timeliness of reported revenue. Its intuition is: early revenue recognition better influences decisions by providing more timely information. 2) However, it will lead to greater uncertainty in reported revenue. Its intuition is: changes may not be foreseen at the time of contract signing. 3) Time-series predictability of revenue is lower under early revenue recognition. Its intuition is: early revenue recognition results in higher estimation error and therefore reduces the time-series predictability. How to cite Lucent Case Study, Free Case study samples Lucent Case Study Free Essays 2. What financial statement adjustments will Lucent have to make to correct the revenue recognition problems announced in late 2000? Lucent recognized revenue when persuasive evidence of an agreement exists, delivery has occurred, the fee is fixed and determinable, and collection of the resulting receivable, including receivables of customers to which Lucent has provided customers financing, is probable. For sales generated from long-term contacts, primarily those related to customized network solutions and network build-outs, Lucent generally uses the percentage of completion method of accounting. We will write a custom essay sample on Lucent Case Study or any similar topic only for you Order Now After the incident that SEC forced Lucent to restate the its financial results leading its stock price to decline 8. 5% in 2000, Lucent now records the sales revenue when the customers buy the Timing of revenue recognition is a crucial part in revenue recognition. According to US GAAP, revenue should be recognized when it is realized/realizable and earned (FASB, 1984, Para. 83). However, a number of software firms recognized revenue prior to product delivery or service performance in the past, which potentially violated one or both of the conditions of the revenue recognition principle. In response, AICPA released Statement of Position (SOP) 91-1 in Dec. 1991, which stipulated that if collectability is probable, license revenue should be recognized upon delivery and service revenue should be recognized ratably over the service arrangement. The research question for this article is: How revenue recognition timing affects attributes of reported revenue? This question is interesting because: 1) revenue recognition timing is important in financial reporting and standard setters have devoted much attention, 2) very limited empirical research examining revenue recognition timing has been conducted, 3) software revenue recognition is unique as transfer of rights is achieved by license rather than on-the-spot sale of products. The main hypotheses for this article and their intuitions are: 1) Early revenue recognition increases the timeliness of reported revenue. Its intuition is: early revenue recognition better influences decisions by providing more timely information. 2) However, it will lead to greater uncertainty in reported revenue. Its intuition is: changes may not be foreseen at the time of contract signing. 3) Time-series predictability of revenue is lower under early revenue recognition. Its intuition is: early revenue recognition results in higher estimation error and therefore reduces the time-series predictability. How to cite Lucent Case Study, Free Case study samples

Vetements Ltee free essay sample

Vetements Ltee is a chain of men’s retail clothing stores located throughout the province of Quebec, Canada. Two years ago, the company introduced new incentive systems for both store managers and sales employees. Store managers receive a salary with annual merit increasing based on sales above targeted goals, store appearance, store inventory management, customer complaints, and several other performance measures. Some of this information (e. g. , store appearance) is gathered during visits by senior management, while other information is based on company records (e. g. , sales volume). Sales employees are paid a fixed salary plus a commission based on the percentage of sales credited to that employee over the pay period. The commission represents about 30 per cent of a typical paycheck and is intended to encourage employees to actively serve customers and to increase sales volume. Because returned merchandise is discounted from commission, sales staff are discouraged from selling products that customers do not really want. We will write a custom essay sample on Vetements Ltee or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Soon after the new incentive systems were introduced, senior management began to receive complaints from store managers regarding the performance of their sales staff. They observed that sales employees tended to stand near the store entrance waiting for customers and would occasionally argue over â€Å"ownership† of the customer. Managers were concerned that this aggression behavior intimidated some customers. It also tented to leave some parts of the store unattended by staff. Many managers were also concerned about inventory duties. Previously, sales staff would share responsibility for restocking inventory and completing inventory reorders forms. Under the new compensation system, however, few employees were willing to do these essential tasks. On several occasions, stores experienced stock shortages because merchandise was not stocked or reorder forms were not completed in a timely manner. Potential sales suffered from empty shelves when plenty of merchandise was available in the back storeroom or at the warehouse. The company’s new automatic inventory system could reduce some of these problems, but employees must still stock shelves and assist in other aspects of inventory management. Store managers tried to correct the inventory problem by assigning employees to inventory uty, but this has created resentment among the employees selected. Other managers threatened sales staff with dismissals if they did not do their share of inventory management. This strategy has been somewhat effective when the manager is in the store, but staff members sneak back onto the floor when the manager is away. It has also hurt staff morale, particularly relations with the store manager. To reduce the tendency of sales staff to hoard cu stomers at the store entrance, some managers assigned employees to specific areas of the store. This also created some resentment among employees stationed in areas with less traffic or lower-priced merchandise. Some staff openly complained of lower paychecks because they were assigned to a slow area of the store or were given more than their share of inventory duties. Question 1. What symptom(s) exist in this case to suggest that something has gone wrong? 2. What are the root causes that have led to these symptoms? 3. What actions should the organization take to correct these problems?

Non-directive interviews Essays

Non-directive interviews Essays Non-directive interviews Essay Non-directive interviews Essay There are a number of different research methods I can use for my primary research, but I have decided that the methods that will benefit my research are: questionnaires, non-directive interviews and structured interviews I am going to begin with a pilot study before going onto my interviews. By doing this I should be able to obtain some valuable information which I will be able to put into numerical form e.g. pie charts, statistics and percentages.This is a big advantage as I will be able to compare data easily and it will give me a better understanding of what teenage girls feel about the pressures of dieting. Questionnaires are also a cheap, efficient and fast method for obtaining large amounts of information, which is helpful to me, as I do not have much time to carry out my primary research. Potentially, information can be collected from a large portion of a group, but this potential is not often realized as returns from questionnaires are usually low.For example, postal questionnaires are a relatively inexpensive method of obtaining information but often only a very small percent of the sample return them and those who do often have a special reason for doing so which makes the results untypical as a whole. This is why I have decided not to send postal questionnaires but to give them to girls at my school instead, this way I will be able to make sure that everyone returns their completed form to me. I am going to use random sampling in order for my results to be more representative of teenage girls as a whole. I will go through a register for each year group from years 7-13 and cross of every third name until I have ten names from each year. I will then give each person a questionnaire to fill out.However, there are some disadvantages of using questionnaires in my study. Respondents may answer superficially especially if the questionnaire takes a long time to complete, so I will make sure that the common mistake of asking too many questions is avoided. Great care must also be taken when wording the questions so there is no bias, or words that some people may misinterpret or not understand. If this happens my results may not be as representative or accurate as they could be. I will also avoid including open-ended questions as these can generate large amounts of data that can take a long time to process and analyse.Some girls may not be willing to answer some of the questions as my project is on quite a sensitive topic, especially for girls. So I will ask them to reply honestly and tell them that the questionnaire is anonymous. My second research method is unstructured interviews. With non-directive interviews there are few problems of misunderstanding or misinterpretation and the interviewee is not restricted to set questions like in questionnaires, they can really say how they feel. The respondent is in control of the content of the interview and is free to explore any aspect of the topic they want. This will give me a more in-depth and detailed insight into the real thoughts and feelings of the interviewee.However, there are a few disadvantages with using this method. By using an unstructured interview it is difficult to generalise as it is a small sample, and in my case only one persons opinion. This also makes it harder to analyse or make any generalisation that all girls feel the same way as the respondent does. There could also be interviewer bias which is quite a big disadvantage. I could in some way influence or direct the answers given by the interviewee, therefore the respondent may change their answer according to the type of question given. But if I am careful with how I phrase and say my questions, I should be able to avoid any interviewer bias.My third research method is structured interviews. The advantage of structured interviews is that they allow the exploration of specific topics, while allowing people to tell the interviewer what they think is important. I am going to video- tape the opinions of five teenage girls on dieting and the media. I aim to find out if they feel pressured at all by the media to be slim and how far they have taken dieting in order to achieve this media image of the perfect female body. I think it will be interesting to see how their answers compare and differ by asking the same questions to five different girls.Structured interviews give the respondent the chance to speak for themselves about the topic and the chance to clarify complex questions. However success depends on the skill of the interviewer, but I will spend time making sure that the questions I ask will be beneficial to my project. Another disadvantage is that I may give out unconscious signals to the respondent which may lead them to change their reply. Another problem is that I might only follow up my areas of interest there fore restricting the respondents answers. These interviews can also be very time consuming, so I have only decided to interview five people for my study.There are some types of primary research which I have decided not to use. Methods such as longitudinal studies and participant observation would require a great amount of time which I would like to have, but have not got enough time to carry out properly. A longitudinal study is an ideal way of understanding social life at one point in time, but in order to understand social life in the present it is essential to see it as a development from the past. This method requires a picture of social life over a long time which is not possible for me to do.With participant observation the number of people observed is small therefore generalisations are not possible. This method would not be very useful to my project either, as it would be hard to observe peoples eating habits without asking personal questions about weight etc and many people would find covert observation for my topic unethical. A case study could be a good source of primary data for me to use as they can give a more detailed picture than research based on large samples. However, as they are seen as one off examples they cannot be seen as representative. They are also quite time consuming. I am confident that my chosen research methods will provide me with some valuable information from which I can analyse and draw a conclusion from.

Job Hunting While Employed Dos and Donts

Job Hunting While Employed Dos and Donts Sophie Deering over at TheUndercoverRecruiter knows about the delicate dance of looking for another job while you’re still employed by your last one. You have to keep your search below the radar, which flies in the face of the typical advice to advertise your job-hunting status everywhere for networking purposes! DOUpdate your LinkedIn profile. Check your privacy settings first to make sure you’re not broadcasting each update to your entire network. An up-to-date profile is one of the first things a recruiter’s going to look for.Schedule interviews during non-work hours. There are only so many â€Å"doctor’s appointments† or â€Å"work from home† days you can fit in without attracting suspicion. When scheduling your interview, request beginning or end of day slots- your prospective employer should understand, and even appreciate your discretion.Network! Get in touch with past colleagues and supervisors to let them know you’re searching for something new; the last office job I held I got after reaching out to former coworkers who had somehow all relocated to the same company. We got two more years of working together, and are all still in touch as freelancers today.Give appropriate notice in writing. Once you’ve passed the interview phase and gotten that job offer, give necessary notice. Be a team player as they find and train your replacement.Leave in a professional manner. Unless your industry is so vast you may never need to see these people again, you should be professional and dignified until the very last minute. You may need your former colleagues as references or want to approach your old boss for a future collaboration. Storming out might feel great in the moment, but being gracious and poised will take you further.DON’TTalk to colleagues about your job hunt. If you have one or two close colleagues who you know are well-connected, it may be a good idea to let them know you’re looking so you have a reliable reference at your current gig, but you definitely don’t want your business becoming water-cooler conversation. It’s counterproductive for morale and productivity.Don’t dress differently than normal. If your current workplace is pretty casual, you don’t want to suddenly show up in a suit or more formal outfit- take a change of clothes with you and change somewhere en route to avoid suspicion.Don’t job search while you’re at work. This should be a no brainer, but unless you want your job search financed by your severance pay, keep your Monster.com searches confined to your evenings, lunch hour, and weekends.Don’t post your resume on job boards. The odds of someone from your organization seeing your info there are higher; apply for jobs that have submission processes, not the ones that require a job-searching profile.Don’t mention the job search on social media. I don’t think this one is fair, but as an employee you’re always representing your employer in some capacity- if you’re kvetching where anyone can see it or openly ready to move on, your employer may decide to take care of the conflict of interest in a way you won’t like.  The Do’s and Don’ts of Finding a Job When You Are Already in a Job  Read More at theundercoverrecruiter.com

Leaf Litter Decomposition Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Leaf Litter Decomposition - Assignment Example Moreover, the experiment expected the tree species not to harbour the different soil animals. The maple and European Buckthorn are initially wet. Eventually they become very wet implying that the tree species harbour the soil animals. On the other hand, the maple and the European Buckthorn are greener and in regular sizes but eventually they decompose. This implies that the tree species decomposed. 2. Discuss what factors, that you observed, that may contribute leaf decomposition. What factors may contribute but were not measured? What was the average (&standard deviation) mass lost for each species? Where did the mass loss go? The observed factors that contribute to decomposition are the soil moisture and the plant composition. Temperature is also a factor which contributes to decomposition but it was not considered in this experiment. The wood decay is associated with the decay of the roots. The roots are the sole suppliers of moisture and nutrients to the entire plant hence they impact on the development of roots. Thus, the decay rates of woods will be similar to that of the leaves since the leaves obtain moisture and nutrients from the woods; whenever the woods are affected, the leaves are equally affected. Logging of trees results to the release of significant amounts of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. Thus, the rate of decomposition of the floor area is relatively lower than normal since the presence of lignin in the leaves lowers the decomposition rate. The concepts of this experiment fully relates with the concepts of a composting program such as the one found in the City of Toronto since everything revolves around composting. Thus, composting can be defined us the natural process or procedures which are meant to decompose the organic substances into a one rich soil which can be named as the compost. This experiment describes the concept such as

The leadership style of Catherine the Great Research Paper

The leadership style of Catherine the Great - Research Paper Example The empress Catherine II is one of the brightest phenomena of the Russian history. The first half of her life, up to the accession to the throne, is represented as a series of fortunes, which did not depend on personal qualities of the modest German princess. But she managed to play the results of each of her successes in the best way, showing the rare ability to overcome any constraining circumstances as well as a moral ban, if was necessary for the achievement of a specific goal. The second half of the biography of Catherine The Great, a Russian Empress, is a series of the episodes, which arose spontaneously, not due to someones conscious will, and quite often had the most improbable endings. A motley round dance of events, in which the wisest plans and projects stuck and broke up, and instinctively made situational decisions often led to historically important consequences. This chaotic kaleidoscope developed a majestic picture of an eminence of the Russian Empire. Having headed t he triumph of her second homeland, the Empress Catherine II occupied a deserved place among historical heroes (Cronin, 1978). Catherine was not tall, but always held her chin highly lifted, and her back ideally straight. One her glance was enough to show his place to an impudent. â€Å"The double doors opened and the Empress appeared. I have said that she was quite small, and yet on the days when she made her public appearances, with her head held high, her eagle-like stare and a countenance accustomed to command, all this gave her such an air of majesty that to me she might have been Queen of the World; she wore the sashes of three orders, and her costume was both simple and regal; it consisted of a muslin tunic embroidered with gold fastened by a diamond belt, and the full sleeves were folded back in the Asiatic style. Over this tunic she wore a red velvet dolman with very short sleeves. The bonnet which held her white hair was not decorated with ribbons, but with the

The Examples Of Operating Systems Computer Science Essay

The Examples Of Operating Systems Computer Science Essay Today, people rely on so many kinds of technology. For instance, people use computers for research, school related, pleasure, and to communicate with their friends. People use other technologies like Bluetooth, GPS, etc for their own needs. Basically, our world is evolving around technology; without it, then the citizens will go insane thus their lives would be difficult. The main topic discussed would be operating systems. People like to use computers, but the thing is some do not know what is behind it; how do operating systems evolve and help individuals see something spectacular rather than something blank and dull. Operating system is a software component of a computer system that is responsible for the management of various activities of the computer and the sharing of computer resources. It hosts the several applications that run on a computer and handles the operations of computer hardware (Oak). Operating system handles and deals with the output devices (a monitor), input devices (keyboard and mouse), and peripheral devices (a printer). Basically, it makes sure that the operating system identifies the input devices, displays the output devices, and controls the peripheral devices. In larger systems, operating system checks to see different programs and users running at the same time do not interfere with each other (Webopedia: Online Computer Dictionary for Computer and Internet Terms and Definitions.). In addition, it makes sure that unauthorized users do not access the system (Webopedia: Online Computer Dictionary for Computer and Internet Terms and Definitions.). Operating system acts li ke a security guard for the larger systems. Examples of operating systems are Disk Operating System (DOS), Windows, MacOS, and UNIX. Different types of operating system are as follow: Embedded system, Real-time Operating System, Multi-user Operating Systems, Multi-tasking Operating Systems, and Distributed Operating Systems. Embedded systems are mostly for personal digital assistant (PDA) like mobile devices; they are compact and efficient. A couple examples of embedded operating systems are Minix 3 and Windows CE. Real-time Operating System likes to multitask and use algorithms, and they have a quick and immediate respond to inputs. Multi-user Operating Systems allows more than one user to access the computer and runs various programs. Multi-tasking Operating Systems are when various programs run at one time. Windows 95 is an example of this operating system. Distributed Operating System manages a group of computers and makes them emerge into one computer. Those are the different types of operating systems (Oak). History of Operating Systems Throughout history, mainframe operating systems evolve and led to so many different kinds of operating system such as UNIX, Window, and MacOs. Without this, then different kinds of operating system will not be created, and many people today will have difficulties obtaining the information they need. In order to begin this, mainframe operating system started around the 1950s right before desktop computers and laptops were created. As computer programs became difficult to use, and the hardware of the computer became less expensive, computer engineers tried to figure out ways for the computer to adapt to the same and various types of programs. Based on that, they created the mainframe operating system. Mainframe operating system process large amounts of information and support a great number of users (WiseGEEK: Clear Answers for Common Questions.). This powerful device was used before and currently today by businesses, corporations, and governments because they needed a machine that could handle large databases for use or storage, large bandwidth, and reliability. When mainframe operating system was first created, they did not have any input devices (keyboard, nor mouse). Their input was through cards with holes punched into them; the holes being poke were the sign of data being entered. After that, the operating system read the cards and then transfers them into binary (1s0s), so it could be understood by compu ters. The most popular mainframe operating system was the OS/360. It was created at the end of 1965 by International Business Machines (IBM); its goal was to compute various lines of hardware. IBM wants to merge these separate lines into one product and developed a new way of thinking about the commonalities amongst processes they were previously thought to irreconcilable (Lunny). Examples of mainframe operating systems were: z/OS, z/VM, z/VSE, Linux for System z, z/TPF. z/OS was designed to offer security, constant, and availability for applications running on the mainframe. z/OS gets work done by dividing it into pieces and giving portions of the job to various system components and subsystems that function interdependently (IBM). z/VM (Virtual Machine) runs different operating systems such z/OS, z/VSE, Linux for System, z/TPF in the virtual machines. Basically z/VM could run combination of guest systems. z/VSE (Virtual Storage Extend), known as DOS, ran routine production workloads consisting of multiple batch jobs and extensive, traditional transaction processing (IBM). Link for System z used ASCII characters and traditional count key data, and z/TPF (Transaction Processing Facility) was used by airline reservation systems and credit card companies for high transaction volume. Those were examples of mainframe operating systems (IBM). Examples of Operating System: UNIX Based on the mainframe operating systems, it led to many different types of operating systems. One example of an operating system would be UNIX. UNIX was created by one of the Bell Labs member, Kenneth Thompson in 1969. This was intended for programmers to access the computer at the same time and share its resources (Alcatel Lucent). UNIX controls the commands from the keyboard, and the data being generated. Also, it permits each user to believe he or she is the only person working on the computer (Alcatel Lucent). This operating system became so powerful that industries, governments, businesses, and so forth wanted this operating system. This idea became popular in the programming and scientific communities. Based on this superior operating system, its features were: Multitasking capability, multiuser capability, portability, UNIX programs, and Library of application software. One of the features, multitasking, allows a computer to do several things. For instance, this operating system allows a person to create a document while the other run spell check, and the other one editing a document. Another feature, multiuser, allows users to access the same document by compartmentalizing the document so that the changes of one user dont override the changes of another user (Alcatel Lucent). Portability is another feature that moves a brand of computer to another with a code of changes. This helps the operating system to be upgraded without the customer inputting the data. Library of application is another feature that can be purchased from third-party vendors, so they can use it (Alcatel Lucent). UNIX comes from several programs (at least 100 and more); they can be divided into two classes. The two classes are integral utilities and tools; Integral utilities are necessary for the operation of the computer, such as the command interpreter (Alcatel Lucent). Another class is the tools; it provides the person with additional capabilities, such as typesetting capabilities and e-mail (Alcatel Lucent). Basically, tools could be removed or added whether if the applications are required or not. That is the final feature of the Unix Program. UNIX communication came a long way before the development of the World Wide Web. It first allowed people to communicate with each by email at the same terminals. Then users at different machines were connected, so they could communicate too. As a result, they link around the world into the World Wide Web, so it made it easier for other users to communicate. The UNIX is organized at three levels; they are the kernel, the shell, and the tools and applications. The kernel, schedules tasks and manages storage (Alcatel Lucent) and are controlled by programmers command. Meaning they can tell the system to shut off or on. In the kernel level, it tells the computer to read the files, and then display the files on the screen. The shell connects and interprets users commands, calls programs from memory, and executes them (Alcatel Lucent) allowing the output of a program to become the input of another program. The tools and application offer additional functionality to the operating system (Alcatel Lucent). That is how UNIX is organized at those three levels. Example of Operating System: Windows Another example of an operating system is Microsoft Windows. Windows came a long way, and the features that people see today were not like that in the past. In 1975, Paul Allen and Bill Gates saw an article regarding about the MITS Altair 8800 (a microcomputer). They had a better idea and decided it was their time to do something about it. Based on that, they developed and formed Microsoft Corporation in 1975. On November 20, 1985, Microsoft launched Windows 1.0. This was the first display screen where you could use your mouse, type, and see the screen. According to Bill Gates, he said, It is unique software designed for the serious PC user (Windows Home Microsoft Windows). They also have icons, scroll bars, drop-down menus for people to understand, learn, and be able to use it. Some of the programs included are Notepad, Paint, MS-DOS file management, clock, etc; also they have a game called Reversi (Windows Home Microsoft Windows). Microsoft Windows 2.0 was released on December 9, 1987; this includes expanded memory and provided desktop icons. Having the graphics to be better improved, you could overlap windows, control the screen layout, and use keyboard shortcuts to speed up your work (Windows Home Microsoft Windows). Also, the taskbar was removed; the utilities and the program are still the same. Intel 286 was designed for Window 2.0. Overall, Windows continue to develop better speeds, usability, and reliability of the PC. In addition of this creation, Control Panel was born (Windows Home Microsoft Windows). During 1990 to 1994, Microsoft launched two more operating systems; they were Windows 3.0 and Windows NT. Window 3.0 was released on May 22, 1990 followed by Windows 3.1 in 1992. Windows 3.0 had better performance, advanced graphics with 16 colors, and improved icons (Windows Home Microsoft Windows). In addition, with the Intel 386, the programs ran a little bit faster. Print Manager, Program Manager, and File Manager started to appear in Windows 3.0; with this operating system rapidly growing, it released software development kit (SDK). This helped software developers focus on writing programs rather than writing device drivers. Games such as Hearts, Solitaire, and Minesweeper came along too. Another operating system that launched in 1990 to 1994 was Windows NT; it was released on July 27, 1993. This however, provided a 32-bit operating system generally for business platform, and Windows NT represents a fundamental change in the way that companies can address their business computi ng requirements (Windows Home Microsoft Windows). On August 24, 1995, Microsoft launched Windows 95. It sold about seven million copies by the end of the fifth week. With this creation, it led to the start menu, close, maximize, and minimize, and taskbar in Windows 95. This helped included Plug and Play capabilities that made it easy to install hardware and software (Windows Home Microsoft Windows). Based on this, Internet Explorer (the first version) was created; this was basically the new online world and people could email each other (Windows Home Microsoft Windows). In 1998 to 2000, Microsoft released Windows 98, Windows 2000, and Windows Me. Windows 98 was released on June 25, 1998; this operating system was described as an operating system that works better, play betters (Windows Home Microsoft Windows). You could find information much easier on your pc, and you could open or close programs much quicker. Another benefit was, you could read DVD discs, and have universal serial bus (USB) devices. One feature that came into appearance was the quick launch bar; this made it easier to run programs without browsing at your desktop, or the start menu. Windows 2000 came along during February 2000; this improved reliability, ease of use, Internet compatibility, and support for mobile computing (Windows Home Microsoft Windows). Also, it provided variety of new plug and play hardware, wireless products, USB devices, etc. Windows Me was released on September 2000; this provided video, music, and home networking entertainment for home users. Based on thi s, System Restore was appeared for the first time. This makes your PC go back in time if you accidently install a program that affects your computer (Windows Home Microsoft Windows). On October 25, 2001, Window XP was released with better features, usability, and security, reliability, and performance. This help cooperate the use and emphasis of Help and Support; it is when you need help on one particular program. This operating system helped citizens understand viruses and mistrustful attachments that could damage your computer. Windows Media player became better in style, and the way it looks. In addition, it led to wireless connectivity, Windows Messenger, Remote Assistance, and 64-bit Edition (Windows Home Microsoft Windows). In 2006, Windows Vista was released; this provides the best security system you get, so you dont have to buy too much protection on your computer. You could buy a simple security system, and you would be fine. One feature was the Window Media Center; that was for entertainment. If you have TV Tuner, you could watch, pause, and record live TV. Another feature was the taskbar; they remade the Taskbar to look better and different from previous operating systems. Lastly, the network section became user friendly, so people could easily connect to any network that was unprotected, or their network. On October, 2009 Microsoft released Window 7; this feature was similar to Window Vista, yet it has more advantages. The main feature that Window 7 has is the Touch feature. This feature enabled you to touch the screen like the web browser and so forth if you have a touch screen computer. By 2010 during the fall, Windows 7 is selling seven copies a second-the fastest selling operating system in history (Windows Home Microsoft Windows). Examples of Operating System: MacOS MacOS is another example of Operating System. It is part of Apple and was created by Steve Jobs. The first version of MacOs was released in 1984; it was user friendly because you did not need to use the right click button on the mouse. Also, it did not have command line interface. After that, it released System 3.0, which could not tell the difference between lowercase and uppercase letters to System 5.0, which ran multiple programs at the same time. Four years later in 1988, System 6.0 came along; this could organize hard disks up to two GBs (gigabyte). This had multitasking capability and it provided word processes programs like WriteNow, MacWrite II, and Microsoft Word 4.0 (Operating System Reviews (History, Facts, Versions and Screenshots)). In May 1991, System 7 was released, and virtual memory was allowed to be used. This also helped display colors and incorporated a help section (the balloon), so the user did not have trouble using the interface. Based on this, System 7.5 appeared in 1994 with slightly better features. Some of the feature and benefits were bug fixes and storage drives could store use up to four GBs. In early 1997, they changed the name from System to MacOS 7.6. Performance improved a lot in the memory management and virtual memory. QuickTime Version 2.5, a pure image quality, was featured in this operating system. MacOS 8 was released on July 1997 and MacOS 9 on October 23, 1999. This lead to three different versions; they were: MacOS 8.1, MacOS 8.5, and MacOS 8.6 versions. In MacOS 8.1, information could be stored efficiently, and the system could handle up to two billion files! In MacOS 8.5, the speed became much better and the graphic display was fast by QuickDraw routines. Also, copying files speed was much faster than before. In 8.5, you had these kinds of applications: Finder 8.5 QuickTime Pro 3, Open Transport 2, Internet Explorer 4.01, Outlook Express 4.01, Netscape Navigator 4.0.5, Mac OS Runtime for Java 2.0 and File Exchange 3 (Operating System Reviews (History, Facts, Versions and Screenshots)). In MacOS 8.6, it improved the performance and supported the PowerPC G4 processor giving it the ability to multitask with the new features. In MacOS 9, they had 50 additional features, and This includes support for multiple users with password and access management for files and settings (Op erating System Reviews (History, Facts, Versions and Screenshots)). Your login could be use by voice, and the files could be encrypted for security. The final Operating System for Mac so far, but has different versions was MacOS X. The first version, 10.0 was released on March 2001; this help made the display look better and not as dull as before. Their icons were place in a docket at the bottom of the screen. Then, version MacOS X 10.1 was released; with this, The surface reacts quicker at user interaction, the system start was accelerated and the OpenGL performance increased noticeable (Operating System Reviews (History, Facts, Versions and Screenshots)). Mac OS X 10.3 began to have Graphic User Interface in metallic scheme and the finder (optimized). Mac OS X 10.4 had 200 features including Safari 2.0 (web browser). MacOS X 10.5 offered the user an enhanced user interface with virtual desktops, a fast file preview and Dock with 3D effect (Operating System Reviews (History, Facts, Versions and Screenshots)). MacOS X 10.6 (currently used today) improved performance, speed, and stability. It could support up to 16 TByte memory, i t is optimized for multi core processors, and is a pure 64-bit operating system. With the technology OpenCL graphics processor can speed up in specific applications calculations (Operating System Reviews (History, Facts, Versions and Screenshots)). Which Operating System do People use (Jobs, etc.)? Which one is recommended for you? Those are the examples of the operating system, so which operating system would companies, businesses, and governments, individuals, or schools would use. Companies, businesses, and governments like to use Microsoft Windows especially Windows XP because they used it for over five years. Also, they did want not upgrade to Vista because the security features it had would slow down the computer. Overall, they like to use Windows XP because they are simple and easy to use. Also, some companies, businesses, and governments would use UNIX if you a programmer or a computer scientist. For school, they like to stay up-to-date, so they would used Windows 7. For individuals, it is up to them what they want to use. If you are the kind of person who likes to play games, watch movies, and TV then you should consider Microsoft Windows. If you are a creative person meaning like to edit music, film, and design fields, then you should consider the MacOS. Overall, many people in the world uses differen t kinds of Operating System. Future of Operating System The future of Operating system would be quite interesting because since many people rely on technology, how would the future be like? One blog that was interesting was by Rafe Blandford. One fascinating thing he said that Social networking could possibility break out and become its own operating system. Operating systems will become more social as they marry context awareness, the Internet and your social connections. The information broadcast and received by your mobile device will be critical in connecting people in new and more immediate new ways (Blandford). The thing is we do not how the future is going to be, so you never know what it is going to be in the future (Blandford). Conclusion In conclusion, operating system is the one that lead to many different kinds of Operating System today such as UNIX, Microsoft Windows, and MacOs. Without it, then people have difficulties doing their errands. The main credit for doing all these is the mainframe operating system. Basically just one simple thing can lead to multiple things. UNIX is designed for Programmers and the screen is blank. Programmers have to input coding, so they could see the end result (the output). Microsoft Windows started from Windows 1.0 and eventually leading to Window 7 (Current as of now), and MacOS started from Systems 1.0 and working its way up to MacOs X 10.6 (Current as of now). The main idea is to show people that without operating systems, our life would not be the same and will be miserable. This is what helps make our life easier and not complicated. Work Cited Sources Blandford, Rafe. The future of the operating system. Nokia Conversation: The Official Nokia Blog. N.p., Apr 2010. Web. 9 Mar 2011. . Lunny, Casey. Operating Systems. N.p., 2003. Web. 9 Mar 2011. . Oak, Manali. Different Types of Operating Systems. Buzzle Web Portal: Intelligent Life on the Web. N.p., 2011. Web. 9 Mar 2011. . A History of Windows Microsoft Windows. Windows Home Microsoft Windows. Microsoft Corporation, 2011. Web. 9 Mar 2011. . Examples of Operating Systems. Calvin College Minds In The Making. Web. 08 Mar. 2011. . History of Operating Systems. History of Computer, Computer History Tracing the History of the Computer. Web. 08 Mar. 2011. . Mac OS Operating System. Operating System Reviews (History, Facts, Versions and Screenshots). N.p., n.d. Web. 9 Mar 2011. . The Creation of the UNIX Operating System: An Overview of the UNIX* Operating System.. Alcatel Lucent. Lucent Technologies, 2002. Web. 9 Mar 2011. . The History and Future of Microsoft Operating Systems: Windows ME. The Professional Resume of Joseph J. Hodsdon. 13 May 2008. Web. 08 Mar. 2011. . What Is a Mainframe Operating System?. WiseGEEK: Clear Answers for Common Questions. . N.p., n.d. Web. 9 Mar 2011. What is operating system? A Word Definition From the Webopedia Computer Dictionary. Webopedia: Online Computer Dictionary for Computer and Internet Terms and Definitions. . N.p., 2011. Web. 9 Mar 2011. . Which is Right for You? PC vs Mac. AOL. AOL Inc, 06 Aug 2009. Web. 9 Mar 2011. . z/OS basic skills information center. IBM. IBM Corporation, 2008. Web. 9 Mar 2011. .

The Ritz Carlton Hotel

Case Study Analysis The Ritz-Carlton * Introduction: * The description of The Ritz-Carlton hotels culture. * Body of the report: * Challenges to follow in order to spread and maintain the new culture and to overcome its issues. * The new culture’s results. * Conclusion: * The importance of the organizational structure and its impact.The Ritz-Carlton  is a luxury  hotels, was established in 1983, it is the foremost name in luxury hotels worldwide, this success is largely due to the legendary Caesar Ritz who developed and operated two of the world’s best hotels in Paris and London, the hotel achieved such fame in the marketplace till the point they attained what is often referred to as â€Å"The Ritz Mystique†. The  Ritz-Carlton Hotel Company LLC  is now a wholly owned subsidiary of  Marriott International.The fact of working with The Ritz-Carlton is not like working in other companies and the experience employees will get is totally different from other ones, they have ever had, each have a unique ability to provide high quality services to the guests, members and residents . the essential culture is one of mutual respect. Employees treat each other the same way they treat guests. Ritz-Carlton provides an array of benefits to all of its ladies and gentlemen with a team that feels more like a family.The Ritz Carlton Hotel is following a different culture in order to motivate its employees. This culture consists of providing a good working environment and makes its employees feel their importance while doing their tasks which is the main key in motivating employees as they make them feel more comfortable†ladies and Gentlemen serving Ladies and Gentlemen†, and that will urge them to provide a high customer service and they will be more productive rather than taking orders and applying them automatically as robot, as a result, customers will be completely satisfied.In order to maintain its customer base which reached over 8 00,000 customers worldwide and to change the culture within the organization, The Ritz Carlton Hotels had to face some challenges attempting to share its knowledge of quality as it applies to service. Ritz-Carlton adopted this as a central mission through the creation of The Ritz-Carlton Learning Institute and The Ritz-Carlton Leadership Center As a five-star Hotels, The Ritz Carlton Hotels will not rest on its successes, it has made a commitment to its guests, members, residents, employees and communities to continuously pursue excellence.As we can see, including the new joiner staff members Ritz-Carlton the culture used will motivate employees to be more productive to work happily under a better working environment as a result the quality of services will be higher than the expected consequently, Ritz-Carlton guests , customers will get total satisfaction as they will be well served. And such environment will promote the culture to spread amongst all The Ritz-Carlton Ladies and Ge ntlemen.The Ritz-Carlton hotels culture is a successful one that all companies has to follow in order to promote good communications between employees , it teaches staff members acceptance and appreciation for diversity whether it’s racial or religion diversity, besides it encourages fair treatment of each employee as well as respect for each employee’s contribution to the company as result employees will tend to be more and more productive and to be positive while doing their tasks.As employees will get equal opportunities to contribute and to realize their full potential within the company, their pride and passion for The Ritz-Carlton hotels and the work performed will increase. In addition to that, such culture has been shown to possess statistically better growth. Such culture possess high employee involvement, strong internal communications and an acceptance and encouragement of a healthy level of risk-taking in order to achieve total guests satisfaction. Addition ally, organizational culture that obviously emphasizes factors related to the career growth of such organizations will be better performed inRitz-Carlton. as result, such constructive Culture is where employees are encouraged to be in communication with their co-workers, and work as teams, rather than only as individuals. In positions where people do a complex job, rather than something simple, this sort of culture is an efficient one as it ensures the achievement, it guarantees self-actualizing. That’s why we can categorize The Ritz-Carlton hotels culture as a typical one to follow by other organizations in order to grow up.I think, it is very important to understand how customers and guests perceive The Ritz-Carlton hotels working attitude, thus the working environment has to be reflected on staff members by their natural smile, their desire to provide high quality of services and their dynamism. In order to reach this level we have to follow an organizational structure whi ch will determine the company’s capacity and effectiveness and contribute to improve Ritz’s brand image and promise (costumer services quality), as a result The Ritz-Carlton hotels can be a role model to other organizations.Personally I would be glad to be one of The Ritz-Carlton hotels staff members and join their team. Appendix 1 1- The culture used in The Ritz-Carlton consists of making their employees feel more important and comfortable doing their tasks,† Ladies and Gentlemen serving Ladies and Gentlemen†, that’s the most employees motivating factor. 2- To maintain the new culture, The Ritz-carlton hotels management created Learning Institute and The Ritz-Carlton Leadership Center in order to ensure the continuing training to all its staff members and urge them apply their culture while doing their tasks. – In such culture, both employees and guest will be totally satisfied as employees will provide services with full motivation and as cu stomers will receive the legendary customer service ever. 4- Other organizations can take The Ritz-Carlton hotels as a role model as The Ritz-Carlton make its employees feel the importance of the tasks they are doing. Husain Abubaker Ali Alhamed Al Hashmi(H00234709) Resources http://corporate. ritzcarlton. com/en/About/Default. htm http://corporate. ritzcarlton. com/NR/rdonlyres/22E2CEC9-62A4-4EA2-9C3C-51628265E10E/0/rcappsum. pdf http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Ritz-Carlton